// SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0+ /* * Copyright 2023 Google LLC * Written by Simon Glass */ /* * Decode and dump U-Boot trace information into formats that can be used * by trace-cmd, kernelshark or flamegraph.pl * * See doc/develop/trace.rst for more information */ #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* Set to 1 to emit version 7 file (currently this doesn't work) */ #define VERSION7 0 /* enable some debug features */ #define _DEBUG 0 /* from linux/kernel.h */ #define __ALIGN_MASK(x, mask) (((x) + (mask)) & ~(mask)) #define ALIGN(x, a) __ALIGN_MASK((x), (typeof(x))(a) - 1) /** * container_of - cast a member of a structure out to the containing structure * @ptr: the pointer to the member. * @type: the type of the container struct this is embedded in. * @member: the name of the member within the struct. * * (this is needed by list.h) */ #define container_of(ptr, type, member) ({ \ const typeof( ((type *)0)->member ) *__mptr = (ptr); \ (type *)( (char *)__mptr - offsetof(type,member) );}) enum { FUNCF_TRACE = 1 << 0, /* Include this function in trace */ TRACE_PAGE_SIZE = 4096, /* Assumed page size for trace */ TRACE_PID = 1, /* PID to use for U-Boot */ LEN_STACK_SIZE = 4, /* number of nested length fix-ups */ TRACE_PAGE_MASK = TRACE_PAGE_SIZE - 1, MAX_STACK_DEPTH = 50, /* Max nested function calls */ MAX_LINE_LEN = 500, /* Max characters per line */ }; /** * enum out_format_t - supported output formats * * @OUT_FMT_DEFAULT: Use the default for the output file * @OUT_FMT_FUNCTION: Write ftrace 'function' records * @OUT_FMT_FUNCGRAPH: Write ftrace funcgraph_entry and funcgraph_exit records * @OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS: Write a file suitable for flamegraph.pl * @OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_TIMING: Write a file suitable for flamegraph.pl with the * counts set to the number of microseconds used by each function */ enum out_format_t { OUT_FMT_DEFAULT, OUT_FMT_FUNCTION, OUT_FMT_FUNCGRAPH, OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS, OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_TIMING, }; /* Section types for v7 format (trace-cmd format) */ enum { SECTION_OPTIONS, }; /* Option types (trace-cmd format) */ enum { OPTION_DONE, OPTION_DATE, OPTION_CPUSTAT, OPTION_BUFFER, OPTION_TRACECLOCK, OPTION_UNAME, OPTION_HOOK, OPTION_OFFSET, OPTION_CPUCOUNT, OPTION_VERSION, OPTION_PROCMAPS, OPTION_TRACEID, OPTION_TIME_SHIFT, OPTION_GUEST, OPTION_TSC2NSEC, }; /* types of trace records (trace-cmd format) */ enum trace_type { __TRACE_FIRST_TYPE = 0, TRACE_FN, TRACE_CTX, TRACE_WAKE, TRACE_STACK, TRACE_PRINT, TRACE_BPRINT, TRACE_MMIO_RW, TRACE_MMIO_MAP, TRACE_BRANCH, TRACE_GRAPH_RET, TRACE_GRAPH_ENT, }; /** * struct flame_node - a node in the call-stack tree * * Each stack frame detected in the trace is given a node corresponding to a * function call in the call stack. Functions can appear multiple times when * they are called by a different set of parent functions. * * @parent: Parent node (the call stack for the function that called this one) * @child_head: List of children of this node (functions called from here) * @sibling: Next node in the list of children * @func: Function this node refers to (NULL for root node) * @count: Number of times this call-stack occurred * @duration: Number of microseconds taken to run this function, excluding all * of the functions it calls */ struct flame_node { struct flame_node *parent; struct list_head child_head; struct list_head sibling_node; struct func_info *func; int count; ulong duration; }; /** * struct flame_state - state information for building the flame graph * * @node: Current node being processed (corresponds to a function call) * @stack: Stack of call-start time for this function as well as the * accumulated total time of all child calls (so we can subtract them from the * function's call time. This is an 'empty' stack, meaning that @stack_ptr * points to the next available stack position * @stack_ptr: points to first empty position in the stack * @nodes: Number of nodes created (running count) */ struct flame_state { struct flame_node *node; struct stack_info { ulong timestamp; ulong child_total; } stack[MAX_STACK_DEPTH]; int stack_ptr; int nodes; }; /** * struct func_info - information recorded for each function * * @offset: Function offset in the image, measured from the text_base * @name: Function name * @code_size: Total code size of the function * @flags: Either 0 or FUNCF_TRACE */ struct func_info { unsigned long offset; const char *name; unsigned long code_size; unsigned flags; }; /** * enum trace_line_type - whether to include or exclude a function * * @TRACE_LINE_INCLUDE: Include the function * @TRACE_LINE_EXCLUDE: Exclude the function */ enum trace_line_type { TRACE_LINE_INCLUDE, TRACE_LINE_EXCLUDE, }; /** * struct trace_configline_info - information about a config-file line * * @next: Next line * @type: Line type * @name: identifier name / wildcard * @regex: Regex to use if name starts with '/' */ struct trace_configline_info { struct trace_configline_info *next; enum trace_line_type type; const char *name; regex_t regex; }; /** * struct tw_len - holds information about a length value that need fix-ups * * This is used to record a placeholder for a u32 or u64 length which is written * to the output file but needs to be updated once the length is actually known * * This allows us to write tw->ptr - @len_base to position @ptr in the file * * @ptr: Position of the length value in the file * @base: Base position for the calculation * @size: Size of the length value, in bytes (4 or 8) */ struct tw_len { int ptr; int base; int size; }; /** * struct twriter - Writer for trace records * * Maintains state used when writing the output file in trace-cmd format * * @ptr: Current file position * @len_stack: Stack of length values that need fixing up * @len: Number of items on @len_stack * @str_buf: Buffer of strings (for v7 format) * @str_ptr: Current write-position in the buffer for strings * @fout: Output file */ struct twriter { int ptr; struct tw_len len_stack[LEN_STACK_SIZE]; int len_count; struct abuf str_buf; int str_ptr; FILE *fout; }; /* The contents of the trace config file */ struct trace_configline_info *trace_config_head; /* list of all functions in System.map file, sorted by offset in the image */ struct func_info *func_list; int func_count; /* number of functions */ struct trace_call *call_list; /* list of all calls in the input trace file */ int call_count; /* number of calls */ int verbose; /* Verbosity level 0=none, 1=warn, 2=notice, 3=info, 4=debug */ ulong text_offset; /* text address of first function */ ulong text_base; /* CONFIG_TEXT_BASE from trace file */ /* debugging helpers */ static void outf(int level, const char *fmt, ...) __attribute__ ((format (__printf__, 2, 3))); #define error(fmt, b...) outf(0, fmt, ##b) #define warn(fmt, b...) outf(1, fmt, ##b) #define notice(fmt, b...) outf(2, fmt, ##b) #define info(fmt, b...) outf(3, fmt, ##b) #define debug(fmt, b...) outf(4, fmt, ##b) static void outf(int level, const char *fmt, ...) { if (verbose >= level) { va_list args; va_start(args, fmt); vfprintf(stderr, fmt, args); va_end(args); } } static void usage(void) { fprintf(stderr, "Usage: proftool [-cmtv] \n" "\n" "Commands\n" " dump-ftrace\t\tDump out records in ftrace format for use by trace-cmd\n" " dump-flamegraph\tWrite a file for use with flamegraph.pl\n" "\n" "Options:\n" " -c \tSpecify config file\n" " -f \tSpecify output subtype\n" " -m \tSpecify Systen.map file\n" " -o \tSpecify output file\n" " -t \tSpecify trace data file (from U-Boot 'trace calls')\n" " -v <0-4>\tSpecify verbosity\n" "\n" "Subtypes for dump-ftrace:\n" " function - write function-call records (caller/callee)\n" " funcgraph - write function entry/exit records (graph)\n" "\n" "Subtypes for dump-flamegraph\n" " calls - create a flamegraph of stack frames\n" " timing - create a flamegraph of microseconds for each stack frame\n"); exit(EXIT_FAILURE); } /** * h_cmp_offset - bsearch() function to compare two functions bny their offset * * @v1: Pointer to first function (struct func_info) * @v2: Pointer to second function (struct func_info) * Returns: < 0 if v1 offset < v2 offset, 0 if equal, > 0 otherwise */ static int h_cmp_offset(const void *v1, const void *v2) { const struct func_info *f1 = v1, *f2 = v2; return (f1->offset / FUNC_SITE_SIZE) - (f2->offset / FUNC_SITE_SIZE); } /** * read_system_map() - read the System.map file to create a list of functions * * This also reads the text_offset value, since we assume that the first text * symbol is at that address * * @fin: File to read * Returns: 0 if OK, non-zero on error */ static int read_system_map(FILE *fin) { unsigned long offset, start = 0; struct func_info *func; char buff[MAX_LINE_LEN]; char symtype; char symname[MAX_LINE_LEN + 1]; int linenum; int alloced; for (linenum = 1, alloced = func_count = 0;; linenum++) { int fields = 0; if (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fin)) fields = sscanf(buff, "%lx %c %100s\n", &offset, &symtype, symname); if (fields == 2) { continue; } else if (feof(fin)) { break; } else if (fields < 2) { error("Map file line %d: invalid format\n", linenum); return 1; } /* Must be a text symbol */ symtype = tolower(symtype); if (symtype != 't' && symtype != 'w') continue; if (func_count == alloced) { alloced += 256; func_list = realloc(func_list, sizeof(struct func_info) * alloced); assert(func_list); } if (!func_count) start = offset; func = &func_list[func_count++]; memset(func, '\0', sizeof(*func)); func->offset = offset - start; func->name = strdup(symname); func->flags = FUNCF_TRACE; /* trace by default */ /* Update previous function's code size */ if (func_count > 1) func[-1].code_size = func->offset - func[-1].offset; } notice("%d functions found in map file, start addr %lx\n", func_count, start); text_offset = start; return 0; } static int read_data(FILE *fin, void *buff, int size) { int err; err = fread(buff, 1, size, fin); if (!err) return 1; if (err != size) { error("Cannot read trace file at pos %lx\n", ftell(fin)); return -1; } return 0; } /** * find_func_by_offset() - Look up a function by its offset * * @offset: Offset to search for, from text_base * Returns: function, if found, else NULL * * This does a fast search for a function given its offset from text_base * */ static struct func_info *find_func_by_offset(uint offset) { struct func_info key, *found; key.offset = offset; found = bsearch(&key, func_list, func_count, sizeof(struct func_info), h_cmp_offset); return found; } /** * find_caller_by_offset() - finds the function which contains the given offset * * @offset: Offset to search for, from text_base * Returns: function, if found, else NULL * * If the offset falls between two functions, then it is assumed to belong to * the first function (with the lowest offset). This is a way of figuring out * which function owns code at a particular offset */ static struct func_info *find_caller_by_offset(uint offset) { int low; /* least function that could be a match */ int high; /* greated function that could be a match */ struct func_info key; low = 0; high = func_count - 1; key.offset = offset; while (high > low + 1) { int mid = (low + high) / 2; int result; result = h_cmp_offset(&key, &func_list[mid]); if (result > 0) low = mid; else if (result < 0) high = mid; else return &func_list[mid]; } return low >= 0 ? &func_list[low] : NULL; } /** * read_calls() - Read the list of calls from the trace data * * The calls are stored consecutively in the trace output produced by U-Boot * * @fin: File to read from * @count: Number of calls to read * Returns: 0 if OK, -1 on error */ static int read_calls(FILE *fin, size_t count) { struct trace_call *call_data; int i; notice("call count: %zu\n", count); call_list = (struct trace_call *)calloc(count, sizeof(*call_data)); if (!call_list) { error("Cannot allocate call_list\n"); return -1; } call_count = count; call_data = call_list; for (i = 0; i < count; i++, call_data++) { if (read_data(fin, call_data, sizeof(*call_data))) return -1; } return 0; } /** * read_trace() - Read the U-Boot trace file * * Read in the calls from the trace file. The function list is ignored at * present * * @fin: File to read * Returns 0 if OK, non-zero on error */ static int read_trace(FILE *fin) { struct trace_output_hdr hdr; while (!feof(fin)) { int err; err = read_data(fin, &hdr, sizeof(hdr)); if (err == 1) break; /* EOF */ else if (err) return 1; text_base = hdr.text_base; switch (hdr.type) { case TRACE_CHUNK_FUNCS: /* Ignored at present */ break; case TRACE_CHUNK_CALLS: if (read_calls(fin, hdr.rec_count)) return 1; break; } } return 0; } /** * read_map_file() - Read the System.map file * * This reads the file into the func_list array * * @fname: Filename to read * Returns 0 if OK, non-zero on error */ static int read_map_file(const char *fname) { FILE *fmap; int err = 0; fmap = fopen(fname, "r"); if (!fmap) { error("Cannot open map file '%s'\n", fname); return 1; } if (fmap) { err = read_system_map(fmap); fclose(fmap); } return err; } /** * read_trace_file() - Open and read the U-Boot trace file * * Read in the calls from the trace file. The function list is ignored at * present * * @fin: File to read * Returns 0 if OK, non-zero on error */ static int read_trace_file(const char *fname) { FILE *fprof; int err; fprof = fopen(fname, "rb"); if (!fprof) { error("Cannot open trace data file '%s'\n", fname); return 1; } else { err = read_trace(fprof); fclose(fprof); if (err) return err; } return 0; } static int regex_report_error(regex_t *regex, int err, const char *op, const char *name) { char buf[200]; regerror(err, regex, buf, sizeof(buf)); error("Regex error '%s' in %s '%s'\n", buf, op, name); return -1; } static void check_trace_config_line(struct trace_configline_info *item) { struct func_info *func, *end; int err; debug("Checking trace config line '%s'\n", item->name); for (func = func_list, end = func + func_count; func < end; func++) { err = regexec(&item->regex, func->name, 0, NULL, 0); debug(" - regex '%s', string '%s': %d\n", item->name, func->name, err); if (err == REG_NOMATCH) continue; if (err) { regex_report_error(&item->regex, err, "match", item->name); break; } /* It matches, so perform the action */ switch (item->type) { case TRACE_LINE_INCLUDE: info(" include %s at %lx\n", func->name, text_offset + func->offset); func->flags |= FUNCF_TRACE; break; case TRACE_LINE_EXCLUDE: info(" exclude %s at %lx\n", func->name, text_offset + func->offset); func->flags &= ~FUNCF_TRACE; break; } } } /** check_trace_config() - Check trace-config file, reporting any problems */ static void check_trace_config(void) { struct trace_configline_info *line; for (line = trace_config_head; line; line = line->next) check_trace_config_line(line); } /** * read_trace_config() - read the trace-config file * * This file consists of lines like: * * include-func * exclude-func * * where is a regular expression matched against function names. It * allows some functions to be dropped from the trace when producing ftrace * records * * @fin: File to process * Returns: 0 if OK, -1 on error */ static int read_trace_config(FILE *fin) { char buff[200]; int linenum = 0; struct trace_configline_info **tailp = &trace_config_head; while (fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), fin)) { int len = strlen(buff); struct trace_configline_info *line; char *saveptr; char *s, *tok; int err; linenum++; if (len && buff[len - 1] == '\n') buff[len - 1] = '\0'; /* skip blank lines and comments */ for (s = buff; *s == ' ' || *s == '\t'; s++) ; if (!*s || *s == '#') continue; line = (struct trace_configline_info *)calloc(1, sizeof(*line)); if (!line) { error("Cannot allocate config line\n"); return -1; } tok = strtok_r(s, " \t", &saveptr); if (!tok) { error("Invalid trace config data on line %d\n", linenum); return -1; } if (0 == strcmp(tok, "include-func")) { line->type = TRACE_LINE_INCLUDE; } else if (0 == strcmp(tok, "exclude-func")) { line->type = TRACE_LINE_EXCLUDE; } else { error("Unknown command in trace config data line %d\n", linenum); return -1; } tok = strtok_r(NULL, " \t", &saveptr); if (!tok) { error("Missing pattern in trace config data line %d\n", linenum); return -1; } err = regcomp(&line->regex, tok, REG_NOSUB); if (err) { int r = regex_report_error(&line->regex, err, "compile", tok); free(line); return r; } /* link this new one to the end of the list */ line->name = strdup(tok); line->next = NULL; *tailp = line; tailp = &line->next; } if (!feof(fin)) { error("Cannot read from trace config file at position %ld\n", ftell(fin)); return -1; } return 0; } static int read_trace_config_file(const char *fname) { FILE *fin; int err; fin = fopen(fname, "r"); if (!fin) { error("Cannot open trace_config file '%s'\n", fname); return -1; } err = read_trace_config(fin); fclose(fin); return err; } /** * tputh() - Write a 16-bit little-endian value to a file * * @fout: File to write to * @val: Value to write * Returns: number of bytes written (2) */ static int tputh(FILE *fout, unsigned int val) { fputc(val, fout); fputc(val >> 8, fout); return 2; } /** * tputl() - Write a 32-bit little-endian value to a file * * @fout: File to write to * @val: Value to write * Returns: number of bytes written (4) */ static int tputl(FILE *fout, ulong val) { fputc(val, fout); fputc(val >> 8, fout); fputc(val >> 16, fout); fputc(val >> 24, fout); return 4; } /** * tputh() - Write a 64-bit little-endian value to a file * * @fout: File to write to * @val: Value to write * Returns: number of bytes written (8) */ static int tputq(FILE *fout, unsigned long long val) { tputl(fout, val); tputl(fout, val >> 32U); return 8; } /** * tputh() - Write a string to a file * * The string is written without its terminator * * @fout: File to write to * @val: Value to write * Returns: number of bytes written */ static int tputs(FILE *fout, const char *str) { fputs(str, fout); return strlen(str); } /** * add_str() - add a name string to the string table * * This is used by the v7 format * * @tw: Writer context * @name: String to write * Returns: Updated value of string pointer, or -1 if out of memory */ static int add_str(struct twriter *tw, const char *name) { int str_ptr; int len; len = strlen(name) + 1; str_ptr = tw->str_ptr; tw->str_ptr += len; if (tw->str_ptr > abuf_size(&tw->str_buf)) { int new_size; new_size = ALIGN(tw->str_ptr, 4096); if (!abuf_realloc(&tw->str_buf, new_size)) return -1; } return str_ptr; } /** * push_len() - Push a new length request onto the stack * * @tw: Writer context * @base: Base position of the length calculation * @msg: Indicates the type of caller, for debugging * @size: Size of the length value, either 4 bytes or 8 * Returns number of bytes written to the file (=@size on success), -ve on error * * This marks a place where a length must be written, covering data that is * about to be written. It writes a placeholder value. * * Once the data is written, calling pop_len() will update the placeholder with * the correct length based on how many bytes have been written */ static int push_len(struct twriter *tw, int base, const char *msg, int size) { struct tw_len *lp; if (tw->len_count >= LEN_STACK_SIZE) { fprintf(stderr, "Length-stack overflow: %s\n", msg); return -1; } if (size != 4 && size != 8) { fprintf(stderr, "Length-stack invalid size %d: %s\n", size, msg); return -1; } lp = &tw->len_stack[tw->len_count++]; lp->base = base; lp->ptr = tw->ptr; lp->size = size; return size == 8 ? tputq(tw->fout, 0) : tputl(tw->fout, 0); } /** * pop_len() - Update a length value once the length is known * * Pops a value of the length stack and updates the file at that position with * the number of bytes written between now and then. Once done, the file is * seeked to the current (tw->ptr) position again, so writing can continue as * normal. * * @tw: Writer context * @msg: Indicates the type of caller, for debugging * Returns 0 if OK, -1 on error */ static int pop_len(struct twriter *tw, const char *msg) { struct tw_len *lp; int len, ret; if (!tw->len_count) { fprintf(stderr, "Length-stack underflow: %s\n", msg); return -1; } lp = &tw->len_stack[--tw->len_count]; if (fseek(tw->fout, lp->ptr, SEEK_SET)) return -1; len = tw->ptr - lp->base; ret = lp->size == 8 ? tputq(tw->fout, len) : tputl(tw->fout, len); if (ret < 0) return -1; if (fseek(tw->fout, tw->ptr, SEEK_SET)) return -1; return 0; } /** * start_header() - Start a v7 section * * Writes a header in v7 format * * @tw: Writer context * @id: ID of header to write (SECTION_...) * @flags: Flags value to write * @name: Name of section * Returns: number of bytes written */ static int start_header(struct twriter *tw, int id, uint flags, const char *name) { int str_id; int lptr; int base; int ret; base = tw->ptr + 16; lptr = 0; lptr += tputh(tw->fout, id); lptr += tputh(tw->fout, flags); str_id = add_str(tw, name); if (str_id < 0) return -1; lptr += tputl(tw->fout, str_id); /* placeholder for size */ ret = push_len(tw, base, "v7 header", 8); if (ret < 0) return -1; lptr += ret; return lptr; } /** * start_page() - Start a new page of output data * * The output is arranged in 4KB pages with a base timestamp at the start of * each. This starts a new page, making sure it is aligned to 4KB in the output * file. * * @tw: Writer context * @timestamp: Base timestamp for the page */ static int start_page(struct twriter *tw, ulong timestamp) { int start; int ret; /* move to start of next page */ start = ALIGN(tw->ptr, TRACE_PAGE_SIZE); ret = fseek(tw->fout, start, SEEK_SET); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot seek to page start\n"); return -1; } tw->ptr = start; /* page header */ tw->ptr += tputq(tw->fout, timestamp); ret = push_len(tw, start + 16, "page", 8); if (ret < 0) return ret; tw->ptr += ret; return 0; } /** * finish_page() - finish a page * * Sets the lengths correctly and moves to the start of the next page * * @tw: Writer context * Returns: 0 on success, -1 on error */ static int finish_page(struct twriter *tw) { int ret, end; ret = pop_len(tw, "page"); if (ret < 0) return ret; end = ALIGN(tw->ptr, TRACE_PAGE_SIZE); /* * Write a byte so that the data actually makes to the file, in the case * that we never write any more pages */ if (tw->ptr != end) { if (fseek(tw->fout, end - 1, SEEK_SET)) { fprintf(stderr, "cannot seek to start of next page\n"); return -1; } fputc(0, tw->fout); tw->ptr = end; } return 0; } /** * output_headers() - Output v6 headers to the file * * Writes out the various formats so that trace-cmd and kernelshark can make * sense of the data * * This updates tw->ptr as it goes * * @tw: Writer context * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int output_headers(struct twriter *tw) { FILE *fout = tw->fout; char str[800]; int len, ret; tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "%c%c%ctracing6%c%c%c", 0x17, 0x08, 0x44, 0 /* terminator */, 0 /* little endian */, 4 /* 32-bit long values */); /* host-machine page size 4KB */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 4 << 10); tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "header_page%c", 0); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "\tfield: u64 timestamp;\toffset:0;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield: local_t commit;\toffset:8;\tsize:8;\tsigned:1;\n" "\tfield: int overwrite;\toffset:8;\tsize:1;\tsigned:1;\n" "\tfield: char data;\toffset:16;\tsize:4080;\tsigned:1;\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); if (VERSION7) { /* no compression */ tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "none%cversion%c\n", 0, 0); ret = start_header(tw, SECTION_OPTIONS, 0, "options"); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot start option header\n"); return -1; } tw->ptr += ret; tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_DONE); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 8); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); ret = pop_len(tw, "t7 header"); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot finish option header\n"); return -1; } } tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "header_event%c", 0); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "# compressed entry header\n" "\ttype_len : 5 bits\n" "\ttime_delta : 27 bits\n" "\tarray : 32 bits\n" "\n" "\tpadding : type == 29\n" "\ttime_extend : type == 30\n" "\ttime_stamp : type == 31\n" "\tdata max type_len == 28\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); /* number of ftrace-event-format files */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 3); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "name: function\n" "ID: 1\n" "format:\n" "\tfield:unsigned short common_type;\toffset:0;\tsize:2;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_flags;\toffset:2;\tsize:1;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_preempt_count;\toffset:3;\tsize:1;signed:0;\n" "\tfield:int common_pid;\toffset:4;\tsize:4;\tsigned:1;\n" "\n" "\tfield:unsigned long ip;\toffset:8;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned long parent_ip;\toffset:16;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\n" "print fmt: \" %%ps <-- %%ps\", (void *)REC->ip, (void *)REC->parent_ip\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "name: funcgraph_entry\n" "ID: 11\n" "format:\n" "\tfield:unsigned short common_type;\toffset:0;\tsize:2;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_flags;\toffset:2;\tsize:1;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_preempt_count;\toffset:3;\tsize:1;signed:0;\n" "\tfield:int common_pid;\toffset:4;\tsize:4;\tsigned:1;\n" "\n" "\tfield:unsigned long func;\toffset:8;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:int depth;\toffset:16;\tsize:4;\tsigned:1;\n" "\n" "print fmt: \"--> %%ps (%%d)\", (void *)REC->func, REC->depth\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "name: funcgraph_exit\n" "ID: 10\n" "format:\n" "\tfield:unsigned short common_type;\toffset:0;\tsize:2;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_flags;\toffset:2;\tsize:1;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned char common_preempt_count;\toffset:3;\tsize:1;signed:0;\n" "\tfield:int common_pid;\toffset:4;\tsize:4;\tsigned:1;\n" "\n" "\tfield:unsigned long func;\toffset:8;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:int depth;\toffset:16;\tsize:4;\tsigned:1;\n" "\tfield:unsigned int overrun;\toffset:20;\tsize:4;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned long long calltime;\toffset:24;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\tfield:unsigned long long rettime;\toffset:32;\tsize:8;\tsigned:0;\n" "\n" "print fmt: \"<-- %%ps (%%d) (start: %%llx end: %%llx) over: %%d\", (void *)REC->func, REC->depth, REC->calltime, REC->rettime, REC->depth\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); return 0; } /** * write_symbols() - Write the symbols out * * Writes the symbol information in the following format to mimic the Linux * /proc/kallsyms file: * *
T * * This updates tw->ptr as it goes * * @tw: Writer context * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int write_symbols(struct twriter *tw) { char str[200]; int ret, i; /* write symbols */ ret = push_len(tw, tw->ptr + 4, "syms", 4); if (ret < 0) return -1; tw->ptr += ret; for (i = 0; i < func_count; i++) { struct func_info *func = &func_list[i]; snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%016lx T %s\n", text_offset + func->offset, func->name); tw->ptr += tputs(tw->fout, str); } ret = pop_len(tw, "syms"); if (ret < 0) return -1; tw->ptr += ret; return 0; } /** * write_options() - Write the options out * * Writes various options which are needed or useful. We use OPTION_TSC2NSEC * to indicates that values in the output need to be multiplied by 1000 since * U-Boot's trace values are in microseconds. * * This updates tw->ptr as it goes * * @tw: Writer context * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int write_options(struct twriter *tw) { FILE *fout = tw->fout; char str[200]; int len; /* trace_printk, 0 for now */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); /* processes */ snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "%d u-boot\n", TRACE_PID); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); /* number of CPUs */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 1); tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "options %c", 0); /* traceclock */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_TRACECLOCK); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); /* uname */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_UNAME); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "U-Boot"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); /* version */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_VERSION); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "unknown"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); /* trace ID */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_TRACEID); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 8); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, 0x123456780abcdef0); /* time conversion */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_TSC2NSEC); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 16); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 1000); /* multiplier */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); /* shift */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, 0); /* offset */ /* cpustat - bogus data for now, but at least it mentions the CPU */ tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_CPUSTAT); snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "CPU: 0\n" "entries: 100\n" "overrun: 43565\n" "commit overrun: 0\n" "bytes: 3360\n" "oldest event ts: 963732.447752\n" "now ts: 963832.146824\n" "dropped events: 0\n" "read events: 42379\n"); len = strlen(str); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); tw->ptr += tputh(fout, OPTION_DONE); return 0; } /** * calc_min_depth() - Calculate the minimum call depth from the call list * * Starting with a depth of 0, this works through the call list, adding 1 for * each function call and subtracting 1 for each function return. Most likely * the value ends up being negative, since the trace does not start at the * very top of the call stack, e.g. main(), but some function called by that. * * This value can be used to calculate the depth value for the first call, * such that it never goes negative for subsequent returns. * * Returns: minimum call depth (e.g. -2) */ static int calc_min_depth(void) { struct trace_call *call; int depth, min_depth, i; /* Calculate minimum depth */ depth = 0; min_depth = 0; for (i = 0, call = call_list; i < call_count; i++, call++) { switch (TRACE_CALL_TYPE(call)) { case FUNCF_ENTRY: depth++; break; case FUNCF_EXIT: depth--; if (depth < min_depth) min_depth = depth; break; } } return min_depth; } /** * write_pages() - Write the pages of trace data * * This works through all the calls, writing out as many pages of data as are * needed. * * @tw: Writer context * @out_format: Output format to use * @missing_countp: Returns number of missing functions (not found in function * list) * @skip_countp: Returns number of skipped functions (excluded from trace) * * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int write_pages(struct twriter *tw, enum out_format_t out_format, int *missing_countp, int *skip_countp) { ulong func_stack[MAX_STACK_DEPTH]; int stack_ptr; /* next free position in stack */ int upto, depth, page_upto, i; int missing_count = 0, skip_count = 0; struct trace_call *call; ulong last_timestamp; FILE *fout = tw->fout; int last_delta = 0; int err_count; bool in_page; in_page = false; last_timestamp = 0; upto = 0; page_upto = 0; err_count = 0; /* maintain a stack of start times for calling functions */ stack_ptr = 0; /* * The first thing in the trace may not be the top-level function, so * set the initial depth so that no function goes below depth 0 */ depth = -calc_min_depth(); for (i = 0, call = call_list; i < call_count; i++, call++) { bool entry = TRACE_CALL_TYPE(call) == FUNCF_ENTRY; struct func_info *func; ulong timestamp; uint rec_words; int delta; func = find_func_by_offset(call->func); if (!func) { warn("Cannot find function at %lx\n", text_offset + call->func); missing_count++; if (missing_count > 20) { /* perhaps trace does not match System.map */ fprintf(stderr, "Too many missing functions\n"); return -1; } continue; } if (!(func->flags & FUNCF_TRACE)) { debug("Funcion '%s' is excluded from trace\n", func->name); skip_count++; continue; } if (out_format == OUT_FMT_FUNCTION) rec_words = 6; else /* 2 header words and then 3 or 8 others */ rec_words = 2 + (entry ? 3 : 8); /* convert timestamp from us to ns */ timestamp = call->flags & FUNCF_TIMESTAMP_MASK; if (in_page) { if (page_upto + rec_words * 4 > TRACE_PAGE_SIZE) { if (finish_page(tw)) return -1; in_page = false; } } if (!in_page) { if (start_page(tw, timestamp)) return -1; in_page = true; last_timestamp = timestamp; last_delta = 0; page_upto = tw->ptr & TRACE_PAGE_MASK; if (_DEBUG) { fprintf(stderr, "new page, last_timestamp=%ld, upto=%d\n", last_timestamp, upto); } } delta = timestamp - last_timestamp; if (delta < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Time went backwards\n"); err_count++; } if (err_count > 20) { fprintf(stderr, "Too many errors, giving up\n"); return -1; } if (delta > 0x07fffff) { /* * hard to imagine how this could happen since it means * that no function calls were made for a long time */ fprintf(stderr, "cannot represent time delta %x\n", delta); return -1; } if (out_format == OUT_FMT_FUNCTION) { struct func_info *caller_func; if (_DEBUG) { fprintf(stderr, "%d: delta=%d, stamp=%ld\n", upto, delta, timestamp); fprintf(stderr, " last_delta %x to %x: last_timestamp=%lx, " "timestamp=%lx, call->flags=%x, upto=%d\n", last_delta, delta, last_timestamp, timestamp, call->flags, upto); } /* type_len is 6, meaning 4 * 6 = 24 bytes */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, rec_words | (uint)delta << 5); tw->ptr += tputh(fout, TRACE_FN); tw->ptr += tputh(fout, 0); /* flags */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, TRACE_PID); /* PID */ /* function */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, text_offset + func->offset); caller_func = find_caller_by_offset(call->caller); /* caller */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, text_offset + caller_func->offset); } else { tw->ptr += tputl(fout, rec_words | delta << 5); tw->ptr += tputh(fout, entry ? TRACE_GRAPH_ENT : TRACE_GRAPH_RET); tw->ptr += tputh(fout, 0); /* flags */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, TRACE_PID); /* PID */ /* function */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, text_offset + func->offset); tw->ptr += tputl(fout, depth); /* depth */ if (entry) { depth++; if (stack_ptr < MAX_STACK_DEPTH) func_stack[stack_ptr] = timestamp; stack_ptr++; } else { ulong func_duration = 0; depth--; if (stack_ptr && stack_ptr <= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) { ulong start = func_stack[--stack_ptr]; func_duration = timestamp - start; } tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); /* overrun */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, 0); /* calltime */ /* rettime */ tw->ptr += tputq(fout, func_duration); } } last_delta = delta; last_timestamp = timestamp; page_upto += 4 + rec_words * 4; upto++; if (stack_ptr == MAX_STACK_DEPTH) break; } if (in_page && finish_page(tw)) return -1; *missing_countp = missing_count; *skip_countp = skip_count; return 0; } /** * write_flyrecord() - Write the flyrecord information * * Writes the header and pages of data for the "flyrecord" section. It also * writes out the counter-type info, selecting "[local]" * * @tw: Writer context * @out_format: Output format to use * @missing_countp: Returns number of missing functions (not found in function * list) * @skip_countp: Returns number of skipped functions (excluded from trace) * * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int write_flyrecord(struct twriter *tw, enum out_format_t out_format, int *missing_countp, int *skip_countp) { unsigned long long start, start_ofs, len; int ret; FILE *fout = tw->fout; char str[200]; /* Record start pointer */ start_ofs = tw->ptr; debug("Start of flyrecord header at: 0x%llx\n", start_ofs); tw->ptr += fprintf(fout, "flyrecord%c", 0); /* flyrecord\0 - allocated 10 bytes */ start_ofs += 10; /* * 8 bytes that are a 64-bit word containing the offset into the file * that holds the data for the CPU. * * 8 bytes that are a 64-bit word containing the size of the CPU * data at that offset. */ start_ofs += 16; snprintf(str, sizeof(str), "[local] global counter uptime perf mono mono_raw boot x86-tsc\n"); len = strlen(str); /* trace clock length - 8 bytes */ start_ofs += 8; /* trace clock data */ start_ofs += len; debug("Calculated flyrecord header end at: 0x%llx, trace clock len: 0x%llx\n", start_ofs, len); /* trace data */ start = ALIGN(start_ofs, TRACE_PAGE_SIZE); tw->ptr += tputq(fout, start); /* use a placeholder for the size */ ret = push_len(tw, start, "flyrecord", 8); if (ret < 0) return -1; tw->ptr += ret; tw->ptr += tputq(fout, len); tw->ptr += tputs(fout, str); debug("End of flyrecord header at: 0x%x, offset: 0x%llx\n", tw->ptr, start); debug("trace text base %lx, map file %lx\n", text_base, text_offset); ret = write_pages(tw, out_format, missing_countp, skip_countp); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot output pages\n"); return -1; } ret = pop_len(tw, "flyrecord"); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot finish flyrecord header\n"); return -1; } return 0; } /** * make_ftrace() - Write out an ftrace file * * See here for format: * * https://github.com/rostedt/trace-cmd/blob/master/Documentation/trace-cmd/trace-cmd.dat.v7.5.txt * * @fout: Output file * @out_format: Output format to use * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int make_ftrace(FILE *fout, enum out_format_t out_format) { int missing_count, skip_count; struct twriter tws, *tw = &tws; int ret; memset(tw, '\0', sizeof(*tw)); abuf_init(&tw->str_buf); tw->fout = fout; tw->ptr = 0; ret = output_headers(tw); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot output headers\n"); return -1; } /* number of event systems files */ tw->ptr += tputl(fout, 0); ret = write_symbols(tw); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write symbols\n"); return -1; } ret = write_options(tw); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write options\n"); return -1; } ret = write_flyrecord(tw, out_format, &missing_count, &skip_count); if (ret < 0) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write flyrecord\n"); return -1; } info("ftrace: %d functions not found, %d excluded\n", missing_count, skip_count); return 0; } /** * create_node() - Create a new node in the flamegraph tree * * @msg: Message to use for debugging if something goes wrong * Returns: Pointer to newly created node, or NULL on error */ static struct flame_node *create_node(const char *msg) { struct flame_node *node; node = calloc(1, sizeof(*node)); if (!node) { fprintf(stderr, "Out of memory for %s\n", msg); return NULL; } INIT_LIST_HEAD(&node->child_head); return node; } /** * process_call(): Add a call to the flamegraph info * * For function calls, if this call stack has been seen before, this increments * the call count, creating a new node if needed. * * For function returns, it adds up the time spent in this call stack, * subtracting the time spent by child functions. * * @state: Current flamegraph state * @entry: true if this is a function entry, false if a function exit * @timestamp: Timestamp from the trace file (in microseconds) * @func: Function that was called/returned from * * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int process_call(struct flame_state *state, bool entry, ulong timestamp, struct func_info *func) { struct flame_node *node = state->node; int stack_ptr = state->stack_ptr; if (entry) { struct flame_node *child, *chd; /* see if we have this as a child node already */ child = NULL; list_for_each_entry(chd, &node->child_head, sibling_node) { if (chd->func == func) { child = chd; break; } } if (!child) { /* create a new node */ child = create_node("child"); if (!child) return -1; list_add_tail(&child->sibling_node, &node->child_head); child->func = func; child->parent = node; state->nodes++; } debug("entry %s: move from %s to %s\n", func->name, node->func ? node->func->name : "(root)", child->func->name); child->count++; if (stack_ptr < MAX_STACK_DEPTH) { state->stack[stack_ptr].timestamp = timestamp; state->stack[stack_ptr].child_total = 0; } debug("%d: %20s: entry at %ld\n", stack_ptr, func->name, timestamp); stack_ptr++; node = child; } else if (node->parent) { ulong total_duration = 0, child_duration = 0; struct stack_info *stk; debug("exit %s: move from %s to %s\n", func->name, node->func->name, node->parent->func ? node->parent->func->name : "(root)"); if (stack_ptr && stack_ptr <= MAX_STACK_DEPTH) { stk = &state->stack[--stack_ptr]; /* * get total duration of the function which just * exited */ total_duration = timestamp - stk->timestamp; child_duration = stk->child_total; if (stack_ptr) state->stack[stack_ptr - 1].child_total += total_duration; debug("%d: %20s: exit at %ld, total %ld, child %ld, child_total=%ld\n", stack_ptr, func->name, timestamp, total_duration, child_duration, stk->child_total); } node->duration += total_duration - child_duration; node = node->parent; } state->stack_ptr = stack_ptr; state->node = node; return 0; } /** * make_flame_tree() - Create a tree of stack traces * * Set up a tree, with the root node having the top-level functions as children * and the leaf nodes being leaf functions. Each node has a count of how many * times this function appears in the trace * * @out_format: Output format to use * @treep: Returns the resulting flamegraph tree * Returns: 0 on success, -ve on error */ static int make_flame_tree(enum out_format_t out_format, struct flame_node **treep) { struct flame_state state; struct flame_node *tree; struct trace_call *call; int i; /* maintain a stack of start times, etc. for 'calling' functions */ state.stack_ptr = 0; tree = create_node("tree"); if (!tree) return -1; state.node = tree; state.nodes = 0; for (i = 0, call = call_list; i < call_count; i++, call++) { bool entry = TRACE_CALL_TYPE(call) == FUNCF_ENTRY; ulong timestamp = call->flags & FUNCF_TIMESTAMP_MASK; struct func_info *func; func = find_func_by_offset(call->func); if (!func) { warn("Cannot find function at %lx\n", text_offset + call->func); continue; } if (process_call(&state, entry, timestamp, func)) return -1; } fprintf(stderr, "%d nodes\n", state.nodes); *treep = tree; return 0; } /** * output_tree() - Output a flamegraph tree * * Writes the tree out to a file in a format suitable for flamegraph.pl * * This works by maintaining a string shared across all recursive calls. The * function name for this node is added to the existing string, to make up the * full call-stack description. For example, on entry, @str might contain: * * "initf_bootstage;bootstage_mark_name" * ^ @base * * with @base pointing to the \0 at the end of the string. This function adds * a ';' following by the name of the current function, e.g. "timer_get_boot_us" * as well as the output value, to get the full line: * * initf_bootstage;bootstage_mark_name;timer_get_boot_us 123 * * @fout: Output file * @out_format: Output format to use * @node: Node to output (pass the whole tree at first) * @str: String to use to build the output line (e.g. 500 charas long) * @maxlen: Maximum length of string * @base: Current base position in the string * @treep: Returns the resulting flamegraph tree * Returns 0 if OK, -1 on error */ static int output_tree(FILE *fout, enum out_format_t out_format, const struct flame_node *node, char *str, int maxlen, int base) { const struct flame_node *child; int pos; if (node->count) { if (out_format == OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS) { fprintf(fout, "%s %d\n", str, node->count); } else { /* * Write out the number of microseconds used by this * call stack. Since the time taken by child calls is * subtracted from this total, it can reach 0, meaning * that this function took no time beyond what its * children used. For this case, write 1 rather than 0, * so that this call stack appears in the flamegraph. * This has the effect of inflating the timing slightly, * but only by at most 1 microsecond per function, * assuming that is the timestamp resolution */ fprintf(fout, "%s %ld\n", str, node->duration ? node->duration : 1); } } pos = base; if (pos) str[pos++] = ';'; list_for_each_entry(child, &node->child_head, sibling_node) { int len; len = strlen(child->func->name); if (pos + len + 1 >= maxlen) { fprintf(stderr, "String too short (%d chars)\n", maxlen); return -1; } strcpy(str + pos, child->func->name); if (output_tree(fout, out_format, child, str, maxlen, pos + len)) return -1; } return 0; } /** * make_flamegraph() - Write out a flame graph * * @fout: Output file * @out_format: Output format to use, e.g. function counts or timing * Returns 0 if OK, -1 on error */ static int make_flamegraph(FILE *fout, enum out_format_t out_format) { struct flame_node *tree; char str[500]; if (make_flame_tree(out_format, &tree)) return -1; *str = '\0'; if (output_tree(fout, out_format, tree, str, sizeof(str), 0)) return -1; return 0; } /** * prof_tool() - Performs requested action * * @argc: Number of arguments (used to obtain the command * @argv: List of arguments * @trace_fname: Filename of input file (trace data from U-Boot) * @map_fname: Filename of map file (System.map from U-Boot) * @trace_config_fname: Trace-configuration file, or NULL if none * @out_fname: Output filename */ static int prof_tool(int argc, char *const argv[], const char *trace_fname, const char *map_fname, const char *trace_config_fname, const char *out_fname, enum out_format_t out_format) { int err = 0; if (read_map_file(map_fname)) return -1; if (trace_fname && read_trace_file(trace_fname)) return -1; if (trace_config_fname && read_trace_config_file(trace_config_fname)) return -1; check_trace_config(); for (; argc; argc--, argv++) { const char *cmd = *argv; if (!strcmp(cmd, "dump-ftrace")) { FILE *fout; if (out_format != OUT_FMT_FUNCTION && out_format != OUT_FMT_FUNCGRAPH) out_format = OUT_FMT_FUNCTION; fout = fopen(out_fname, "w"); if (!fout) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write file '%s'\n", out_fname); return -1; } err = make_ftrace(fout, out_format); fclose(fout); } else if (!strcmp(cmd, "dump-flamegraph")) { FILE *fout; if (out_format != OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS && out_format != OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_TIMING) out_format = OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS; fout = fopen(out_fname, "w"); if (!fout) { fprintf(stderr, "Cannot write file '%s'\n", out_fname); return -1; } err = make_flamegraph(fout, out_format); fclose(fout); } else { warn("Unknown command '%s'\n", cmd); } } return err; } int main(int argc, char *argv[]) { enum out_format_t out_format = OUT_FMT_DEFAULT; const char *map_fname = "System.map"; const char *trace_fname = NULL; const char *config_fname = NULL; const char *out_fname = NULL; int opt; verbose = 2; while ((opt = getopt(argc, argv, "c:f:m:o:t:v:")) != -1) { switch (opt) { case 'c': config_fname = optarg; break; case 'f': if (!strcmp("function", optarg)) { out_format = OUT_FMT_FUNCTION; } else if (!strcmp("funcgraph", optarg)) { out_format = OUT_FMT_FUNCGRAPH; } else if (!strcmp("calls", optarg)) { out_format = OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_CALLS; } else if (!strcmp("timing", optarg)) { out_format = OUT_FMT_FLAMEGRAPH_TIMING; } else { fprintf(stderr, "Invalid format: use function, funcgraph, calls, timing\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'm': map_fname = optarg; break; case 'o': out_fname = optarg; break; case 't': trace_fname = optarg; break; case 'v': verbose = atoi(optarg); break; default: usage(); } } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc < 1) usage(); if (!out_fname || !map_fname || !trace_fname) { fprintf(stderr, "Must provide trace data, System.map file and output file\n"); usage(); } debug("Debug enabled\n"); return prof_tool(argc, argv, trace_fname, map_fname, config_fname, out_fname, out_format); }